529 Plans

A 529 plan is a type of investment account in the United States. This type of plan is popular among individual investors because it offers significant tax savings when the included investments are used for qualified educational expenses. In this way, individual consumers are able to save for education without worrying about tax penalties. Unlike more general, national investment plans such as 401ks--which offer federal tax protection--529s are typically sponsored by a state and offer state tax benefits. Knowing set up a 529 plan and take advantage of its tax-saving features can help you save money now and for future education-related expenses.

History

The creation of the 529 investment plan was originally started by the United States Congress in 1996 under the Small Business Protection Act. A year later, the act was modified and the education-related portion was given more detail in the 1997 Taxpayer Relief Act. Since then, each of the 50 states in the U.S. have created 529 investment plans for state residents. The actual term "529" refers to section 529 of the Internal Revenue Service's revenue code. This legally establishes "a qualified tuition program" that is "exempt from taxation."

Significance

The creation of the 529 plan has changed the way in which families prepare to cover the cost of college tuition for their children. Before the founding of the 529, families had limited options when it came to saving for upcoming school expenses. Most of these savings were taxable, decreasing the total amount being saved for education. The 529 investment plan offers significant savings for individuals preparing to pay for a beneficiary's future education expenses out of such savings. Under IRS guidelines, these savings are exempt from taxation when used for qualified school expenses. Thus, individuals can deduct a large amount of money on their year-end tax return by depositing a portion of their income into a 529 plan--thereby effectively lowering the amount of state income tax owed.

Types

There are two types of 529 investment plans: prepaid tuition plans and college savings plans. Prepaid plans are usually sponsored by specific state governments and require the beneficiary of the account to live in the state. The value of the savings are adjusted for inflation and can be applied to state schools, much like a voucher. On the other hand, college savings plans work similar to mutual funds with age-adjusted risk levels. Students may withdraw money from the 529 tax-free so long as they are applied toward qualified educational expenses.

Identification

Identifying what counts for qualified educational expenses under a 529 plan is essential for avoiding a tax penalty. Funds withdrawn from a 529 plan may be applied toward the cost of tuition and school fees, books and any other supplies required by an accredited U.S. school. Money from a 529 can also be applied to cover the cost of room and board, including off-campus residences. Exceptions may be made in extraordinary circumstances, such as the death of the beneficiary.

Benefits

The main benefit of 529 plans is that most states offer income tax deductions to cover the value of money deposited into a 529 investment account. Such tax savings help to encourage families to save without having to worry about any tax penalties. The deposited money then matures in value until funds are withdrawn. A secondary benefit is that the donor still technically owns the money, and the student toward whom the account is for cannot access the money except for qualified expenses.

Warning

Discuss with a tax adviser how a 529 plan can be incorporated into your financial budget. While 529 plans offer significant savings for investors saving for future education expenses, there are several pitfalls that may affect investors. For example, withdrawn money that is not applied toward qualified expenses is not only taxable, but it's also hit with an additional 10 percent tax fee. Also, these educational investment accounts count as a financial asset on the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) and thereby decrease a student's chance of receiving need-based aid.

Tags: applied toward, educational expenses, investment plans, qualified educational, qualified educational expenses

Plan A School Field Day

Filled with fun and games, field day marks the culmination of a rigorous school year. Planning the event is work, but well worth it. Once your field day is over, your students will be left with wonderful memories.

Instructions

1. Decide on the number of activities needed and plan your set up of the activities, as a relay or free for all. Relays are more organized, but can result in student boredom and free for all keeps kids entertained but control may become an issue.

2. Settle on whether or not you will have awards, prizes or any ceremonies. Check with your school to see what the rules are regarding competitions. Have each student fill out and return a signed permission slip.

3. Choose activities to include. Provide a wide variety, include quiet games for children less inclined to boisterousness. Use classroom subjects as a guide for your field day: arithmetic, measurements, statistics, physical games, sports and races. Visit Education world for lists of specific games.

4. Find teachers and parents to supervise the activities. Assign each volunteer to a specific activity and give the individual instructions before hand. Have a volunteer orientation to explain the day to parents and teachers.

5. Set up games early, the morning of the field day.

Tags: your field

Use Elearning In Nursing Education

Thanks to technology, more education opportunities exist to keep hospitals fully staffed with nurses.

E-learning continues to open opportunities for students in fields that were once not possible, particularly in the health sciences. With new virtual-learning experiences and interactive modules, credit-bearing programs offer numerous possibilities for nursing education. The National Staff Development Council says that, combined with hands-on training, e-learning holds much promise both in filling institutions with qualified staff and in keeping existing staff fully credentialed.

Instructions

1. Search online universities for the courses and training you need. The University of Phoenix, for example, offers a variety of undergraduate and graduate degrees in nursing, obtainable nearly entirely online (some have in-person residency requirements); all are accredited by the Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education.

The e-Learning Center offers health-care and medical courses for ongoing training and development, such as "The ABC's of Personal Care" and "About Arthritis" and "Arterial Blood Gases: All You Wanted to Know." Certificate programs are available as well.

2. Check with your state's accrediting body, if you're renewing your accreditation, to be sure credits apply to your certification. Some employers provide reimbursement -- make sure your selected program is among those that are reimbursable. To ensure their acceptance by employers and prospective employers, be sure that courses offered align with organizational and institutional health care standards, such as those published by the American Nurses Association's Code of Ethics and the Standards of Practice for all nursing professionals.

3. Compile a record of all courses taken on a spreadsheet. Retain a running record to include the complete title, number of hours, a catalog description and the school or university attended. State Health Departments and employers require this information for certification renewal and as a review of qualification credentials.

4. Write a brief reflection of each learning experience. Include a summary of what you learned, what tasks were performed, and how it applied to, or will apply to, the field. These reflections can communicate important learning opportunities for future potential employers and promotional opportunities, and as descriptors for staff development.

Tags: Nursing Education

Qualify For A Federal Pell Grant

Pell Grants are the most competitive forms of financial aid available to undergraduate students. Unlike loans, students don't have to pay back grants. Pell Grants typically go to students in greatest need of financial aid. If eligible, you may even be reimbursed for educational costs already paid, depending on individual circumstances. Read the following steps to determine if you qualify for a Pell Grant.

Instructions

1. Indicate in a statement that you're not in default on a federal loan, you don't have a Pell overpayment and you intend to use this grant only for educational purposes. You must be a United States citizen or eligible noncitizen.

2. Apply for a Pell Grant by filling out the standard Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA.)

3. Enroll in a program leading to a degree, diploma or certificate at an institution which participates in the Pell Grant Program.

4. Show proof that you're not in danger of incarceration nor have you been convicted of possession or sale of drugs while receiving federal aid.

5. Prove financial need. Although most Pell grants go to students with family incomes below $20,000, students with family incomes up to $50,000 may be eligible.

6. Maintain satisfactory academic progress, typically defined by the Pell Grant Program.

Tags: Pell Grant, with family incomes, family incomes, Grant Program, Pell Grant Program, students with, students with family

Get Grants For Women To Start A Business

Women can apply for a variety of grants, including those from corporate, civic and private organizations.

According to the American Express OPEN Forum's State of Women-Owned Business Report, there are more than 8.3 million women-owned businesses in the United States. If you are a woman interested in starting a business, there are plenty of funding options available through corporate, civic and private grants. A woman seeking a grant to start a business should develop a business plan, research grant opportunities online, create a list of funders and complete the grant application process.

Develop a Business Plan

As part of the grant application process, potential funders need in-depth information about your business. Prepare a business plan that defines your mission, target audience, marketing strategy and company structure. Your business plan should also include pertinent information about your operating costs and future company goals. After reading your business plan, potential funders should learn more about your current needs and how you plan to use the grant to grow your company.

Seek Help Through SBA.gov

The Small Business Administration website includes a "Loans and Grants Search Tool." The tool allows you to check all the search parameters that apply to you and -- upon execution of the search -- provides a list of helpful resources. For example, as of the date of publication, checking "I'm looking for financing available to women business owners" in Virginia yields information about seven grant programs as well as 16 loan programs and three "Seed & Venture Capital" programs.

Research Grants Online

Search online for grants related to your company's product or service. Many funders provide grants specific to a certain mission or occupation. For example, the Amber Foundation Grants provide funding to women entrepreneurs starting a home-based or online business. They look for passionate women dedicated to their businesses. By researching grants online, you can get tips on filling out a grant application and find out more about former grant winners.

Create a Potential Funders List

Your list of potential funders should include grants specific to the location of your business, subject area related to your field and grants awarded to a company similar to your own business. Halstead Bead Inc., which provides grants to women jewelry designers, might be a helpful source if you are starting a jewelry business. The Chicago Foundation for Women awards grants to new women business owners living in Chicago.

Complete Grant Application

Many potential funders request in-depth financial information from business owners including projected sales. Review the application carefully and answer all questions completely. Consider having someone proofread your application before submitting it to the funder. Attach any additional documentation requested by the grant source.

Tags: potential funders, about your, business owners, information about, your business, application process

Stenography Certification

Stenography certification can advance your career.

Stenography is most often used for court reporting, the process of transcribing legal proceedings in a court room or arbitration word for word. However, there are also stenographers hired to work in industries outside of the legal arena. Professional stenographers receive specialized training and must pass specific tests based on state regulations. Since regulations vary from state to state, you should be clear about the requirements so that you get the proper training and stenography certification to better position yourself for a successful career.

Associate Degree (AOS)

This degree program is designed to prepare students for an entry-level position as a courtroom stenographer. Requirements for passing this specialized course include typing dictated material at up to 225 words per minute. Student must participate in an internship gaining work experience under the guidance of experienced stenographers before receiving a degree.

Stenotype Hearing Reporter Certification

This certification program is meant to prepare students to accept an entry-level position as a stenotype hearing reporter. The stenographer is responsible for making close-captioning and real-time translation services for those who are hearing impaired. Certification requirements include passing dictated material at up to 180 words per minute.

Stenotype Stenographer Certification

Students seeking an entry-level position as a stenotype stenographer must pass this certification. Students learn the basics of typing live dictation in shorthand. Students must be able to pass dictated material up to 80 words per minute.

Closed Broadcast Captioning

In 2006 the FCC mandated that all new television programming be captioned for the hearing impaired. The captions you see streaming along the bottom of your television are typed by a stenographer using special equipment and a live-feed to a broadcast network.

Communications Access Realtime Reporting

These stenographers provide various services to hearing impaired individuals. They may show up in classrooms to translate lectures into readable text so that students with hearing problems can follow along more easily. They may also be available in churches, doctor's offices and other places where clear communication is necessary.

Tags: dictated material, dictated material words, entry-level position, hearing impaired, material words, material words minute

Implement Curriculum For Distance Learning Programs

Implementing curriculum in a distance learning program is different from the standard brick and mortar curriculum. A distance learning curriculum must take into account that all communications will go through message board and email. The lack of face-to-face communication impacts implementation in many ways and must be planned for in the curriculum.

Instructions

1. Create new user posts or manual. The trick to implementing curriculum in a distance learning program is making sure that users understand how it is being implemented. For example, define how students are going to be graded and what counts toward participation. If they must cite sources in their discussions, then explain the style of citation expected. The user manual or posts should answer all possible questions.

2. Create a syllabus for the curriculum. A syllabus is an important part of any class, online or off, but online it needs to strictly define expectations as defined in Step 1 and give very clear instructions. Remember, students can't just walk up to chat with the teacher after class, they have to post their questions or email them, so the best way to outline the class expectations, subject material and assignments is to be as clear as possible. Include a calendar with the syllabus.

3. Use active instruction. Distance learning unless otherwise described requires a certain amount of independent learning, but is not absent an actual instructor. Many online e-courses use an instructor similar to a moderator or facilitator, but they are still a faculty member and an instructor. The professor or instructor should actively engage in discussion questions, answer student questions and challenge students. Essentially, when the instructor responds to messages, she should be in teaching and discussion modes at all time.

4. Provide reliable grade time turnarounds. The worst part of online or distance learning is the waiting. Response times should not be guessed at. In order to implement a curriculum, particularly one that builds on a previous weeks' knowledge, reliable turnaround times are necessary. If assignments are due on Mondays, grades and feedback should be returned by Friday particularly if the assignment has an impact on an assignment due next Monday.

5. Request and respond to student feedback. While students can couple reading, research and discussion questions to learn new material, it's important to ascertain how much is too much, too little or needs adjusting. By polling students before, during and after a course with regard to expectations and opinions, you can find out what areas of your implementation need improvement.

Tags: curriculum distance, curriculum distance learning, distance learning, discussion questions, distance learning program, learning program

Legal Education Degrees

A range of undergraduate and graduate law degrees exist.

The first degree for anyone wishing to practice law in the United States is the juris doctor degree. Law schools accredited by the American Bar Association offer this degree as well as a wide range of graduate degrees. Generally, three categories of graduate degrees exist: academic master's degrees for non-lawyers, post-juris doctor law degrees for practicing lawyers, and research- and academic-based doctorate-level degrees.

Juris Doctor Degrees

To practice law in the United States, individuals must earn a juris doctor (J.D.) degree at a law school accredited by the American Bar Association. They also must pass the bar exam of the state in which they wish to practice law. An undergraduate (bachelor's) degree and completion of the Law School Admission Test (LSAT) are required for admission into a J.D. program, which generally lasts three years. The bachelor of laws (LL.B.) degree is offered at some Canadian and international universities and is equivalent to the J.D. degree.

Post-Graduate Degrees (Non-Professional)

Academic master's degrees for non-lawyers vary from law school to law school. Degrees can include a master of science (M.S.), master of studies (M.S.), master of legal studies (M.L.S.) and a master of professional studies (M.P.S.). These are non-professional and academic degrees and do not qualify the holder to practice law, unless she also has a J.D. or equivalent degree.

Post-Graduate Degrees (Professional)

Master's degrees are available for lawyers practicing law in the United States and lawyers who were educated at foreign universities. The most common degree is the master of laws (LL.M.), but some law schools also offer juris master (J.M.), master of comparative law (M.C.L.) and master of jurisprudence (M.J.) degrees. The LL.M. is an advanced law certification recognized by countries throughout the world and is generally a one-year program. A J.D. or equivalent first degree is required to enroll in an LL.M. program.

Doctorate Degrees

Research- and academic-based graduate law degrees at the doctorate level include the doctor of jurisprudence (J.S.D.), the doctor of judicial science (S.J.D.) and the doctor of comparative law (D.C.L.). The S.J.D. and J.S.D. degrees are the most advanced law degrees and are three- to five-year programs. Generally, individuals must hold a J.D. and LL.M. degree to enroll in these degree programs, and the programs' students are required to complete a dissertation that is an original contribution to the field of law.

Tags: graduate degrees, United States, accredited American, accredited American Association, American Association, degree Post-Graduate, degree Post-Graduate Degrees

Become A Professor With Tenure

A professor can lose her tenure due to inappropriate actions.

Beyond a mark of respect amongst your colleges, achieving your tenure designation means you have contributed to your field of study while representing excellence in the classroom. A tenure position is a designation which colleges give to deserving professors, guaranteeing a position for life in the university. Earning a tenure position requires hard work and dedication to your field as you work to improve your classroom techniques while contributing regular studies and written papers.

Instructions

1. Look for college teaching jobs advertising for a tenure-track professor. Remember, each college is limited in the number of tenured professors it can hire, and it is important for you to know whether your position could be considered for tenure before you apply. If you are offered a non-tenured position, ask about transitioning into a tenure-track position.

2. Review the responsibilities associated with your tenure track. Note the number of years required for you to teach at the university in order for you to earn a tenure designation, and consider this time period as a guideline for you to finish your other tenure responsibilities. Write down a date, one year prior to the time it will take for you to reach the required experience, as your goal to have your papers and required presentations completed.

3. Begin researching, in your area of expertise, immediately, collecting information from other people's research, gathering your own past research and noting specific areas where you can advance your specialization. Write a series of topics, or experiments if your field is science based, to research.

4. Prepare papers, or experiments, based on these topics, and present them at regular conferences. Plan to travel to distant conferences, especially conferences focused on your specialization or on the specific focus of your research. For instance, if your focus is romantic gothic literature, attend and present papers at conferences focused on gothic issues. Submit your work for publication in appropriate, peer-reviewed, journals.

5. Concentrate on improving your classroom techniques, working to reach difficult students, improving the way you present information and reading new pedagogical techniques, which could benefit your students. Remember, your tenure board will consider your classroom success as part of your qualifications to receive your tenure designation, and a poor class record, extensive complaints from students and overwhelming student difficulties with your class can prevent you from earning tenure.

Tags: your tenure, tenure designation, your classroom, your field, classroom techniques

Sports Journalism Scholarships

Journalism scholarships are available to aspiring print, web and broadcast students, including those specializing sports.

Journalism scholarships are available to all types of students. Most scholarships and awards are not specifically for sports, but for journalism students in general. However, there are some specialized awards for sports that can prepare you for work in that area.

Open Scholarships

The NCAA Sports-Journalism Scholarship Program is available to all junior college students who wish to work towards a career in sports journalism. Candidates must have a major in journalism or worked on campus newspapers. The award is given to eight students in the amount of $3,000. Applications are available at an institution's NCAA faculty athletics representative, the journalism department or school newspaper.

The American Copy Editors Society also offers scholarships to graduate students with an interest in copy editing, including sports journalism. The top award is $2,500 and there are four other awards of $1,000 each.

African American Scholarships

The Chips Quinn Scholar award is available by nomination from a journalism or media faculty member. It goes to students of color. Students can apply directly to the program with letters of reference attached. You will also need to send in transcripts, work samples, a head-shot, a resume and an essay.

The Aspiring Writer Scholarship is awarded to a student majoring in English or Journalism at a historically Black college or university. The student must have at least a 3.0 grade average, two letters of recommendation, and must complete an essay. The award provides $500.

Feminist Scholarships

SCholarships and grants are available to girls wishing to pursue a career in sports journalism.

GoGirlGrants and Women's Sports Foundation is an organization with over $700,000 in grants and scholarships available to women interested in the advancement of women in sports and physical activity. Over 14,000 individuals over 30 states have benefited from these scholarship in 2007 alone, according to WomensSportsFoundation.com. The website provides applications to pick, choose and apply for multiple awards.

Nationality-Based Scholarships

The Asian American Journalists Association offers scholarships to high school students, as well as graduate and undergraduate students in journalism. These include students with an interest in sports. The awards are based on ability, financial need, professional goals and sensitivity to Asian cultural issues, according to CollegeScholarships.com.

The National Association of Hispanic Journalists offers funding to Latino students, including those with an interest in sports. You can be entering programs in print, television, radio, online or photo journalism. Consideration is given to students with financial need, academic or journalistic promise and a commitment to advancing the Hispanic community.

Tags: scholarships available, students with, with interest, career sports, career sports journalism

Get A Psy D Degree

People who hold Psy.D. degrees have studied brain functions in depth.

A doctor of psychology degree, or Psy.D., is a professional doctoral degree that allows those who earn it to practice clinical psychology. They may work as guidance counselors, college psychology professors, clinical psychologists, social workers and research psychologists, among other jobs. Obtaining a doctorate typically takes between four and seven years, and students are required to defend a dissertation, which is a lengthy research paper on a specialized topic of their choice, to graduate.

Instructions

1. Obtain the education necessary to be considered a good candidate for a Psy.D. degree program. Schools may not require you to have majored in psychology as an undergraduate, but having some college coursework in the subject is helpful. You may also be required to have successfully completed coursework in biology, chemistry, statistics and mathematics, among other subjects. You can take these classes at a community college if you did not take them while you were an undergraduate.

2. Research schools that offer Psy.D. programs. Some schools that offer graduate programs in psychology award Ph.D. degrees, so if you specifically want a Psy.D., check the websites of the schools that interest you to confirm that they offer the degree.

3. Apply to the schools that interest you according to their admissions criteria. Before you apply, confirm that you meet the minimum requirements to apply. You may, for example, be required to have a certain grade point average. Be sure to include all supplemental information the school requests, and meet all deadlines.

4. Enroll in a program after you have been admitted. Meet with an academic adviser to plan out your coursework and how you will meet the program's graduation requirements.

5. Take the classes that are required and pass them. Practice good study habits, and meet with your professors regularly for help if needed. Complete a dissertation, if one is required, and defend it in front of a panel of psychology faculty members to earn your diploma.

Tags: schools that, among other, confirm that, required defend, required have

Events In Detroit Michigan

Detroit is historically known as the home of North America's auto industry.

Detroit, Michigan has experienced some of the worst economic declines in the United States. But the city still features the entertainment and attractions that have made it a cultural powerhouse. As Michigan's most populous city and one of the biggest in the country, Detroit is the home of Motown recording artists and will always be known as the Motor City. You can find a major Detroit event to suit just about any taste.

North American International Auto Show (NAIAS)

Detroit is the original home of North America's auto industry. For decades, every automaker in the U.S. was based in the Motor City, so it's only natural that the city plays host to the continent's largest auto show. The NAIAS has been held at the Cobo Center in Detroit since 1961, but the show's history actually extends all the way back to the first decade of the 20th century. At the show, automakers preview their new models to the public before they hit showroom floors. It takes place over several weeks in January beginning with media and industry previews before opening to the public. Admission is generally $12 per person.

North American International Auto Show

Cobo Center

One Washington Blvd.

Detroit, MI 48226

248-643 0250

naias.com

Woodward Dream Cruise

So many cars have been made in Detroit over the past century that it is no surprise the city is home to one of the largest events showcasing those classic vehicles. The Woodward Dream Cruise show brings in about 40,000 old cars during one Saturday in late August. Admission is nominally free, though it does cost money to eat at local restaurants and to attend events that may be affiliated but separate from the cruise itself, such as concerts and receptions. Also, parking often costs extra. The actual parade of vehicles extends along Woodward Avenue through several Detroit suburbs, with each city featuring its own assortment of related festivities.

Woodward Dream Cruise

900 Wilshire Dr., Suite 102

Troy, MI 48084

woodwarddreamcruise.com

Detroit Electronic Music Festival

This annual celebration of electronic music has been held every Memorial Day weekend since 2000. The festival features some of the biggest acts in electronic music and attracts tens of thousands of fans from all over the world. The lineup for the 2010 festival featured nearly 100 musical acts from several different continents and brought in an estimated 95,000 attendees. The cost of a full weekend pass is roughly $50 per person.

Paxahau Promotions Group LLC

326 Hilton

Ferndale, MI 48220

248-584-1646

movement.us

Detroit International Jazz Festival

One of the nation's premier jazz festivals, the Detroit International Jazz Festival was launched in 1980 as a means to get people to come to the city. Part of the attraction of the festival, aside from the slate of world-class jazz musicians, is the fact that it is free to the general public. The festival generally takes place over a long weekend in September, with concerts held in the middle of downtown Detroit. There are also affiliated events such as a cruise along the Detroit River and various fundraisers and awards ceremonies. Access to the festival itself is completely free, though fundraiser events can cost upwards of $150 per person.

Detroit International Jazz Festival

660 Woodward Ave., Suite 13

Detroit, MI 48226

313-447-1248

detroitjazzfest.com

Detroit Riverdays

For a long time, this festival on the banks of the Detroit River was called the Windsor-Detroit International Freedom Festival, celebrating the two cities on either side of the international border. These days, Detroit celebrates Riverdays at the same time as Windsor's Summerfest in late June. Detroit's festival features music, food and one of the largest fireworks displays in North America. Admission is generally $3 per person, though there are several promotional time periods when the entrance fee is waived.

The Detroit Riverfront Conservancy

600 Renaissance Center, Suite 1720

Detroit, MI 48243

313-566-8200

detroitriverdays.com

Tags: Detroit International, Detroit International Jazz, Dream Cruise, International Jazz, International Jazz Festival

What Is An Efc Score

When a child begins college, the family usually fills out a FAFSA (Free Application for Financial Student Aid). This is to determine his needs, and to determine if federal financial aid assistance is available. The family's financial status is looked at to determine how much the family can contribute. This is referred to as an EFC score (expected family contribution).

Financial Aid Determination

Financial aid determination is accomplished by taking the cost of student attendance and subtracting out the amount of the EFC (expected family contribution). From that, a score is determined. Scores range from 0 to 99999. The lower the score, the more likely a student will be eligible for federal student assistance, meaning he would have access to a number of grants.

Grants and Student Assistance

The EFC score is, in reality, not a score at all. It is a picture of how much a family can contribute, and how much funding in grants the student can qualify for. These grants are generally need-based, and are distributed to the lower-scoring students with the most need for assistance.

What Determines the EFC Score?

The EFC score is calculated for the benefit of a dependent student (not an independent student who has been living on his own). It takes into account the size of the family, the family's income and assets, other children in college, age of parents and age of the student, what state they reside in and how much the family pays in taxes. It also takes into account whether the student is married or has dependent children. There are also other factors used to determine the EFC score.

Types of Student Aid

There are actually three different types of student aid for education. Grants, scholarships and student loans are all available. A grant is funding based on need and does not have to be repaid. Scholarships are also funding that does not have to be repaid. Qualifications for scholarships are different from grants in that they can be based on ethnic background or some accomplishment such as athletics or music. A student loan is a low-interest loan that does require repayment. A student loan generally does not require payments to begin until six months after graduation. The loan can be placed in forbearance (no payment due) for longer if the student is not working.

Qualification for Pell Grant

For a Pell grant, the student cannot be incarcerated in any federal or state penal institution, and he has to be enrolled in an eligible school and program. The amount can be affected by whether the student if part time or full time, and whether he attends the school for an entire year. The EFC score is used to determine the eligibility for a Pell grant.

Apply for Assistance

Students are all encouraged to apply for assistance, even if they think they could not qualify. There are many grant and scholarship programs available to encourage higher education.

Tags: much family, does have, does have repaid, does require, expected family, expected family contribution, family contribute

The Best Savings Account Options

Whether you are able to save a large amount of money or just a little, a savings plan is an essential part of personal financial management. People save for many reasons. It may be as part of an overall investment program, to put something aside for emergencies or to accumulate funds for a major purchase. Because the size and purposes of savings vary from one person to another, there's no one best savings account. You should be familiar with different types of savings accounts and choose the best for your needs.

Basic Savings Accounts

If you have only a limited amount of money to save or might need quick access to funds in a savings account, a regular savings account offered by a bank or credit union may be your best choice. Most providers offer accounts with low minimum balance requirements (as little as $100) and allow a limited number of withdrawals per quarter without penalty.

Regular savings accounts are safe since the funds are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or the National Credit Union Authority. The big drawback to regular savings accounts is that the interest rates are lower than for other types of savings accounts.

Money MarketAccounts

Money market accounts are provided by banks and credit unions and also by investment firms. The money you deposit purchases shares in a money market fund and is used to invest in short-term bonds (with maturities that are usually six months or less) issued by corporations and governments. A money market account through a bank or credit union is insured like a regular savings account. Accounts with investment firms like Fidelity Investments or Vanguard Funds are not insured but historically have proven to be extremely safe.

Money market accounts have much higher minimum balance than regular savings---anywhere from several hundred dollars to as much as $25,000, but they pay higher interest rates. You do have access to savings in excess of the account minimum and can even write a limited number of checks each month. Money market accounts with investment firms, especially those with high minimums, tend to pay the best interest rates. Some of these money market accounts invest in government bonds and therefore the earnings are exempt from some taxes.

Certificates of Deposit

A certificate of deposit (CD) is a fixed rate time deposit with a bank or credit union and is insured like other bank accounts. CDs generally pay the best interest rates of any type of savings account. In exchange for this guaranteed rate you agree to leave the money on deposit for a specified period of time called the maturity. The maturity of a CD can be anywhere from a few months to several years; if you withdraw the money early you will incur a penalty (usually forfeiture of a sizeable portion of the interest). CDs can be purchased in amounts ranging from a few hundred dollars to "jumbo CDs" of $100,000 or more.

The longer the maturity the more a CD pays. Another factor that affects the rate you get is size. A large CD pays higher interest. It's a good idea to shop around before purchasing a CD because financial institutions compete for investors' dollars. Smaller banks in particular often offer premium rates in order to attract new customers. If you feel you must have some access to your money, consider a liquid CD. This is a special type of CD that allows limited early withdrawals and usually pays rates between those of regular CDs and money market accounts.

Tags: market accounts, savings account, interest rates, bank credit, bank credit union

Use A Semicolon

The lonely, underused semicolon is probably the least understood form of punctuation. But by adhering to the suggestions below, you can start sprucing up your sentences with this useful mark of punctuation.

Instructions

1. Generally speaking, a semicolon is used to mark a discontinuity or pause in a sentence for which a comma is not strong enough. For example, "He couldn't find his calculus book, his notes or his calculator; he was going to fail his math test."

2. When two independent clauses are combined into a single sentence without a conjunction (and, or, but) connecting them, a semicolon usually works. For example, "I hated history in high school; I liked English."

3. Even if the two independent clauses are connected by a conjunction, you may use a semicolon rather than a comma to separate them if the clauses are long or themselves full of commas. For example, "Mr. Ring, who taught trigonometry, American history and advanced basket weaving, entertained his students by juggling, yodeling and dancing the merengue; but the principal didn't appreciate his unusual methods and canned him."

4. If commas are used in a sentence to separate items in a list, the semicolon is often useful to mark a more significant break in continuity. For example, "In her report she listed the populations of San Francisco, San Jose and Los Angeles, California; and Houston, Dallas and Fort Worth, Texas."

Tags: independent clauses, useful mark

Social Work Undergraduate Scholarships

Several scholarship awards are available to students pursuing undergraduate degrees in social work.

A career in social work offers the opportunity to give back to the community and make a difference in the lives of people in need of a helping hand. Many students who choose to pursue an undergraduate degree in social work do so out of a desire to help others and a number of scholarship programs have been created to help these students achieve their educational and professional goals.

Epilepsy Foundation Behavioral Sciences Student Fellowship

The Epilepsy Foundation of America sponsors a scholarship program for undergraduate students in the behavioral sciences including social work degree programs. Applicants must be currently enrolled in an undergraduate social work program at an accredited college or university. The $3,000 award is presented to students who demonstrate an interest in pursuing studies or research in an area related to epilepsy.

Epilepsy Foundation of America

8301 Professional Place

Landover MD 20785

800-332 1000

epilepsyfoundation.org

National Association of Black Social Workers Scholarship

The National Association of Black Social Workers offers a scholarship to African-American undergraduates who are pursuing degrees in social work. Applicants must be current members of the NABSW and must be recommended by a member of their student chapter to be considered for the award. Scholarship awards range from $250 to $2,000 and recipients must demonstrate academic achievement, service to the community and a interest in conducting research in the black community.

Scholarship Committee

National Association of Black Social Workers

2305 Martin Luther King Ave. S.E.

Washington, D.C. 20020.

202-678-4570

nabsw.org

NOHS Outstanding Human Services Student Scholarship

The National Organization for Human Services offers a scholarship program to students pursuing degrees in human services fields including social work. Applicants must be student members of the NOHS and must be recommended by a faculty member of their social work program. Applicants must also demonstrate their contribution to the human services field through volunteer work, research initiatives or participation in professional social work organizations. The amount of the scholarship award varies based on funding.

National Organization for Human Services

5341 Old Highway 5

Ste 206, #214

Woodstock, GA 30188

770-924-8899

nationalhumanservices.org

Carl A. Scott Book Scholarship

The Council on Social Work Education administers the Car A. Scott Book Scholarship program for undergraduate minority social work students. The program provides minority students in their senior year of study $500 scholarships to be used towards the purchase of textbooks. Applicants of African-American, American Indian, Asian-American, Mexican-American and Puerto Rican descent may apply and all applicants must demonstrate academic achievement and a commitment to advancing social justice.

Council on Social Work Education

1701 Duke Street, Suite 200

Alexandria, VA 22314

703-683-8080

cswe.org

Tags: social work, Applicants must, Association Black, Association Black Social, Black Social

Can A School Deny Your Financial Aid

Many students and their parents rely on financial aid to pay for a college education. All college students can submit the free application for federal student aid, commonly known as FAFSA, regardless of financial profile. Having your request for financial aid denied by your school, however, could put your pursuit of a college degree on hold temporarily or indefinitely.

Deadlines

Some colleges accept FAFSA and internal financial aid applications on a rolling basis, while others have specific deadlines for financial aid consideration. Your school could deny your financial aid request if you fail to apply by the deadline. The United States Department of Education posts on its website a list of FAFSA deadlines, which vary by state. You should also confirm financial aid deadlines with the college financial aid office, even if you have applied but have not yet been accepted.

Title IV Violation

Title IV of the Higher Education Act of 1965, as amended in 1998, requires students receiving financial aid to attend classes to retain financial aid eligibility. Your financial aid request could be denied for future semesters if you received financial aid for previous semesters and withdrew from school before completing at least 60 percent of the semester. Some colleges allow you to appeal financial aid denial based on Title IV violations in cases where circumstances beyond your control caused you to withdraw from school.

Verification

The Department of Education conducts FAFSA audits on a random basis to identify applicant data inconsistencies. Such audits could result in your financial aid award being increased or reduced, but you must comply with the audit and provide the requested documentation to receive your financial aid. Failure to provide tax returns and other financial documents to your college on time could result in your financial aid award being cancelled.

Credit

Parents of undergraduate students and graduate students sometimes apply for Department of Education-affiliated, credit-based loans when government-subsidized financial aid options have been exhausted. In such cases, having poor credit, as defined by your lender, could cause your credit-based student loan application to be turned down. Remedies for such financial aid denial include applying for merit-based scholarships, attending the least-expensive regionally accredited college or borrowing funds from a parent's retirement account.

Tags: award being, could result, could result your, Department Education, financial award

Online Ministry Schools

Receiving your bachelor's or master's degree online majoring in the study of religion or theology can prepare you for certain types of ministry positions within major religions that require them. Researching online ministry schools should start with learning about the types of degree programs they offer and then examining the type of coursework that is offered in the program you seek. You should speak with admissions to learn more about the individual coursework offered by each university.

Liberty University Online

Liberty University Online, a Baptist school, offers mostly master's degrees although two sets of bachelor's degree programs are available. Master's degree programs are offered in church planning, church leadership, evangelism, religion, pastoral studies, divinity, religious education and pastoral counseling.

Liberty University Online

1971 University Boulevard

Lynchburg, VA 24502

(800) 424-9595

luonline.com

Grand Canyon University

Grand Canyon University, a for-profit Christian school, offers an even spread of both bachelor's and master's degrees. These mostly focus on pastoral training and functions. Bachelors and masters degrees are offered in Christian leadership, pastoral ministry, youth ministry and urban ministry studies. A wider selection of programs is offered on campus, and this university also offers non-ministry degrees.

Grand Canyon University

3300 West Camelback Road

Phoenix, AZ 85017

(602) 639-7500

Gcu.edu

Saint Joseph's College of Maine

Saint Joseph's Online, a Catholic school, offers both a bachelor's in theology and a master's in pastoral theology. The college was founded in 1912 by the Sisters of Mercy but does not limit its degree programs to religious studies. The college also offers degrees in human resources, education and business.

Saint Joseph's College of Maine

278 Whites Bridge Road

Standish, Maine 04084-5263

800-343-5498

sjcme.edu

Tags: degree programs, Canyon University, Grand Canyon, Grand Canyon University, Liberty University

Apply To Graduate Schools With A Low Gpa

While getting accepted to graduate school with a low grade point average (GPA) is difficult, it is far from impossible. Many students with low GPAs are accepted all the time. By using good marketing skills, an applicant can easily use other positive qualities as a way to detract from a low GPA and get accepted into graduate school.

Instructions

1. Make sure minimum GPA criteria are met. Contact the school to find out what the minimum GPA is in order to be admitted.

2. Ace the GMAT or GRE. Getting a high score on the standardized tests can offset a low GPA. Make sure to study hard for these tests, as the score will be important. Taking the prep classes that are offered for the test being taken is a good idea.

3. Highlight positives. On the application, focus on the good. Volunteering, professional experience and projects are great ways to show off other assets.

4. Get letters of recommendation. Professional references and letters from professors look great when accompanying an application. These references should be overwhelmingly positive, stating why the candidate would be a good fit in the graduate program.

5. Consider taking undergraduate courses to raise the GPA. If all else fails, take some undergraduate courses to get grades up. Acing a few classes will help with the grade point issues and in the process a new interest may be found.

Tags: grade point, graduate school, Make sure, undergraduate courses, with grade

Pay Federal Student Loans With The Income Based Repayment (Ibr) Program

Determine what your total student loan debt is to learn whether you qualify for the income-based repayment program for student loans.

The Income-Based Repayment program caps the required monthly payment for federal student loans at an affordable amount based on income and family size. The program applies to all federal loans except those that are in default, Parent PLUS loans or any consolidation loans to repay Parent PLUS loans. The loans can be for educational purposes including undergraduate, graduate, professional and job training. The application process is easy.

Instructions

1. Determine whether your loan is listed as an eligible loan under the income-based repayment program. Eligible loans are those made under the Direct Loan or FFEL programs.

2. Calculate your total amount of student loan debt. If you do not have all your records, use the online database at studentaid.ed.gov to pull up all of the information on your loans, whether they are consolidated, defaulted or in repayment. The database will tell you the total of all of your federal student loans. If you don't have the exact total for your student loans, estimate them.

3. Use the income-based online calculator to figure out what your payment would be or if you qualify for the Income-Based Repayment program. The Department of Education online calculator is available at studentaid.ed.gov. Input the five pieces of necessary information -- your total adjusted gross income, estimated amount of qualifying student loans, the interest rate (which is provided in the form), state of residence and family size.

4. Call your loan holder to fill out its official application if you qualify. Call each company that services your student loans because you'll have to fill out an application for each one of them since all of your loans are separate.

Tags: student loans, your total, family size, federal student loans, Income-Based Repayment, income-based repayment, information your

Test Salt Water For Electrical Conductivity

Measuring the electrical conductivity of salt water in an aquarium will help you calibrate its salinity.

Salt water conducts electricity. The salt crystals in the water carry the electrical charge. One of the most common ways of testing how much salt is in a sample of water, or the "salinity" of the water, is by using a salinometer, which is a tool that sends electrical current into a water sample and tests its strength. The stronger the electrical current, the more salt is present in the water. This test is often conducted to determine if water is drinkable or if it is suitable for a saltwater aquarium.

Instructions

1. Calibrate the salinometer by rinsing the test probe in alcohol for 10 minutes, then rinsing in running water. Turn the salinometer on and dip it into a sample of purified water. Most salinometers will have a "calibrate" button or function that can then be pressed to re-set the meter's "zero" reading.

2. Insert the instrument into the salt water sample.

3. Press the "power" or "activate" button to achieve a reading. Salinity is normally measured in microSiemens per centimeter (microS/cm). A reading of 54,000 microS/cm is typical for sea water. Safe drinking water is typically 100 to 500 microS/cm.

Tags: electrical current, water sample

Bank Of America Personal Loans

About Bank of America Personal Loans

Personal loans are also known as unsecured loans. Bank of America has the ability to offer these types of loans should individuals meet certain qualifications. Find out about the options for getting a personal loan from this bank.

Identification

Personal loans are a type of unsecured loan. This means that the bank requires no collateral or anything of value that can be repossessed in the event that the loan cannot be repaid. As a result, the person borrowing the money assumes less risk.

Types

There are three types of unsecured loans. A personal unsecured loan is one that the borrower as a person is required to pay back. The second is an unsecured business loan, in which the business receiving the loan is required to pay back the money. Finally, there are unsecured business loans with a personal guarantee, which means that a business is initially responsible for the loan, but as a last resort, an individual may honor the loan.

Features

Because unsecured loans have no collateral, they are considered to be more beneficial for the borrower, but more risky for the lender. As a result, they are harder to get, because if an individual defaults on the loan, there is nothing of value for the business to seize. Many banks, including Bank of America, will want to check an individual's credit score to get an idea of an individual's ability to pay back the loan.

Considerations

Bank of America offers many different unsecured loans. Some, for example, are given out to help consolidate other kinds of debts, such as credit cards and other high-interest loans. The goal of this type of personal loan is to combine different debts into one more manageable debt with a lower interest rate. Other unsecured loans can be obtained for financing such expenses as education.

Warning

Because personal loans are riskier for a lending institution, they may involve a higher rate of interest and lower limits on the line of credit than other, secured loans. Also, Bank of America may not offer debt consolidation loans if you are deemed likely to get into debt trouble again. Additionally, in some cases, you may incur various penalties and fines from attempting to consolidate debts with a personal loan from Bank of America.

Tags: Bank America, unsecured loans, personal loan, America Personal, America Personal Loans

Difference Between Lithium Batteries And Nickelmetal Hydride

Lithium batteries as well as nickel-metal hydride batteries are secondary cells. Secondary cells are cells that are rechargeable. They have applications in high-end electronics like digital cameras and electric razors.

Efficiency

Nickel-metal hydride cells operate at an average of 1.2 volts. Lithium cells operate at voltages in the 3.0-volt range. Both types of cells are designed to last for around three years, providing up to around 500 discharge cycles before they become ineffective.

Construction

Perhaps the biggest difference between these types of batteries is the components that go into their construction. Lithium batteries utilize lithium metal in the construction of their anode. Nickel-metal hydride batteries utilize hydrogen in the construction of their anode.

Storage

A nickel metal hydride cell loses up to 5 percent of its charge daily in storage. Storing both types of cells in high-temperature environments reduces service life, which is why they should be stored in cool environments. Lithium cells need to be stored in fireproof containers away from combustible materials because they can catch fire easily, producing an exceptionally hot fire.

Tags: batteries utilize, cells operate, construction their, construction their anode, hydride batteries

Online History Phd Programs

Distance education has become a viable option for busy professionals, stay-at-home parents or those with no easy access to higher education. A PhD in history can prepare you for a wide range of careers teaching, politics, writing and industry. Here are some things to keep in mind when considering an online history PhD program.

Considerations

Determine if getting a PhD online is for you. Keep in mind that online degrees add the complication of technology acting as an intermediary to all of your coursework. Though you'll be able to go through the program at home, you'll miss out on interacting with fellow students, and will not be able to use physical academic libraries, though you will have online access to library materials and even be able to order books from the library to be shipped to your home.

Combining on-campus and online learning is perhaps the best combination for distance education, and there are many more programs that offer this combination as opposed to online-only degrees. By taking some classes online and some on campus, you will be getting the flexibility of online learning combined with all the benefits of actually being on campus from time to time.

Features

Online distance education started over 20 years ago, but has become much more popular in the last decade, with hundreds of opportunities to pursue a degree online from top notch academic institutions. On-campus and online combination master's and PhD programs in history are offered by Lehigh University, Texas Tech University and the University of Maine, among others (see Resources below). There are currently no online-only history PhD programs available.

Misconceptions

Getting a degree online may take more time and effort than getting it the traditional way. You will need to be extremely organized and self-directed, as there will be no constant pressure from fellow students and professors to complete your work on time. Without the collegial atmosphere, you may have a harder time getting motivated to do your work, and if you have young children around, the distraction may derail all of the benefits associated with online learning.

Warning

Since there are so many opportunities available for online history PhD degrees, finding a legitimate, accredited program can be a challenge. To avoid scams, make sure to extensively research the program you're considering. The link provided below lists only legitimate and accredited programs, so start there and find the right history PhD program for your needs.

Potential

Sophisticated software that allows for intimate and extensive teacher-student interaction is getting better every day. Distance learning started out as correspondence courses over the mail, moved on to closed circuit TV instruction and has now evolved into elaborate online instruction that includes seminar-like settings, the ability to download assignments, easy availability of course materials and a quick way to get in touch with a professor for any questions or problems.

Tags: online learning, degree online, fellow students, history program, legitimate accredited, there many, your work

Help Studying The Skeletal System

Studying the skeletal system can be a daunting task: the human body has more than 200 bones, 206 to be exact. While this may seem like a lot of information to process, implementing a study plan will help you overcome adversity. Further, we walk around with our very own skeletal system every day; with that in mind, if you ever get stuck, remember that you are your own walking model of the system. If only you had some X-ray specs...

Break the Body Down

While staring down at 206 different bones can seem intimidating, if you step back and organize the bones into their separate areas, you can effectively study the entire skeletal system as if you were studying three separate, smaller systems. There are a number of ways to do this. For instance, you can separate the bones into bones of the head and the neck, bones of the torso and arms, and bones of the lower body. By breaking the skeletal system down into smaller, manageable sections, you can key your studying into the areas where you have the most trouble. If you know the bones of the lower body every time but struggle with the bones in the chest and the arms, then focus the rest of your efforts on your weaker areas.

Use Diagrams

Print a diagram of the human skeleton. The more detailed the diagram, the better. Also, make sure the diagram is large enough to write on. Using the diagram and your textbook, label each of the bones. Next, make study sheets from your master copy. To do this, use strips of white paper to block out certain bones, particularly the ones you tend to forget. Then make photocopies of the diagram and test yourself by filling in bone names. Test yourself completely by trying to label an entirely blank skeleton without looking at your notes.

Make Note Cards

Another helpful technique is to make your own note cards. Instead of using the diagram or simply studying a list of bones broken down by region, write the name of a bone on one side of a card and the bone's location in the body on the card's other side. Simply writing the information on note cards will help you learn. When you are finished, however, mix up the note cards and use them to study.

Tags: skeletal system, bones into, bones lower, bones lower body, lower body, note cards, will help

The Act Score Required For College

The ACT is a curriculum-based college board.

The ACT is a college-entrance exam popular in the Midwest and South but available in all 50 states and internationally. The states with the most students taking the test are Illinois, Michigan, Florida, Ohio and Texas. ACT is a nonprofit company whose services include academic development and career planning for students interested in attending college.

History

The American College Testing Program began testing high-school students in 1959 as an alternative to the Scholastic Aptitude Test, or SAT. In 1960, the test gained nationwide acceptance. American College Testing officially shortened its name to ACT in 1996. ACT greatly expanded its operation in 2005 by launching ACT International, B.V., as well as classroom, homeschooling and business instruction through its Office of Distance Learning Resources.

Features

The ACT is a four-hour test containing 75 English, 60 math, 40 reading and 40 science questions, with an optional 30-minute writing essay. Each section is scored from 1 to 36, with the four-section average equaling the total score. The test is designed to be curriculum based, reflecting what students learn in school. It is available six times a year, in September, October, December, February, April and June.

Function

The ACT assumes students have learned basic English skills, focusing largely on sentence structure and grammar for the English portion of the exam. Math concentrates most heavily on algebra and geometry, while the Reading section tests comprehension through entries on social studies, fiction and the humanities. The Science section questions students in the physical sciences and biology. The optional Writing test addresses skills necessary for taking entry-level college English classes.

Benefits

Most students take the test twice, though they are eligible to take it up to 12 times. More than 50 percent of students receive a higher score the second time they take the test, although 23 percent see their scores drop. ACT test results instruct students on what skills they need to improve before entering college, and score strengths may help college-bound seniors pick a major.

Significance

Although a growing number of colleges no longer require ACT scores for admission, they still accept them if submitted. The less selective a school is, the lower test scores can be. Students at highly competitive colleges in the Ivy League typically have scores in the low to mid 30s, while those attending selective public and private universities score in the mid 20s to low 30s. Open admission schools take all students regardless of ACT results.

Registration

Students may register to take the ACT online or through a form available in their guidance counselor's office. They also can request a written form from ACT's website. Online registration can last up to 90 minutes and requires payment at the time of sign-up. ACT recommends that students pick a test date that is at least two months prior to their earliest college-application deadline.

Considerations

A student must bring his admission ticket and valid identification to the testing center or he will be turned away. Only number 2 soft-lead pencils are allowed during the test. Although proctors announce when 5 minutes remain on each section of the test, students should bring a watch to monitor their own progress. Students are permitted to use approved calculators. Proctors will prevent the test from being scored if prohibited calculators are used.

Tags: American College, American College Testing, College Testing, take test

Toefl Speaking Tips

The Test of English as a Foreign Language, TOEFL, is an English-language test designed to evaluate the proficiency of non native English speakers or users of English as a second language (ESL). It tests your ability to read, write, speak and listen in English. The TOEFL Test is mainly Internet-based, but a paper-based test is also available. According to ETS, the test makers, "the TOEFL test is the most widely respected English-language test in the world, recognized by more than 7,500 colleges, universities and agencies in more than 130 countries" and can take you wherever you want to go. The Speaking Test is only available on the Internet-based test. You will respond to six speaking tasks and your answers will be recorded on a database. The tasks will be split into independent tasks and integrated speaking tasks. To do well in the TOEFL Speaking Test therefore calls for some good test-taking strategies.

Know the Test

Understand what is expected of you. The first critical step is to familiarize yourself with what the questions test, how they are presented, what kinds of responses these questions require, the strategies that can be used to handle them, and then methods for excelling at them. The ETS TOEFL website has detailed information on the TOEFL Test structure as well as preparing for the exam.

Build Your Vocabulary Over Time

Systematically devote yourself to building your vocabulary over time. Read widely in English and check out the meanings of words you are unsure of. This will feed you the specific words you will need to carry out an academic, specialized or even general conversation.

Practice With a Native Speaker

Speak, speak, speak. Preferably with a native speaker. Non native speakers are also an alternative. Speak frequently to build fluency and do not be afraid of making mistakes. Instead, concentrate on getting progressively better. Think aloud and speak to your reflection in the mirror rather than not practicing at all. Voice your thoughts and reproduce your thoughts in loud English speech.

Join a club or try to start one where you invite and engage native speakers to speak in English about movies, music, travel or anything else of topical or familial interest. The TOEFL independent task will test your ability to discuss familiar topics, such as a description of your family, interests, city, country or an event. It will be important to state your personal opinion/preference and back it up with sound reasoning, examples and details. Be succinct. The TOEFL test will assess your ability to speak with precision. Try to state an opinion or preference within a 1-minute time limit.

Try to think in English and thus avoid directly translating from your native language into English. Practice common English collocations so that you may string your sentences in English with the same accustomed ease and assurance that you do in your native language.

Listen -- and Record Yourself

Good writing comes from good reading. Therefore good speaking also comes from good listening. Try to listen to how native English speakers pronounce English words and copy their stress, intonation patterns and pauses. Buy authentic English-language tapes and repeat what you hear from them aloud to yourself. Try to read aloud, too, if that will help.

Record your speaking by keeping an audio journal. Then go over your recordings with your English teachers or even friends or fellow learners, who will give you critical and helpful feedback on your performance. Listen to your past recordings and compare them with new ones to see if you are making progress.

Synthesize

Find listening and reading material on similar themes and combine the concepts in the passages. The TOEFL Speaking Test measures academic listening skills, which require you to synthesize. That is, to combine ideas or information from two or more sources, listen for the salient or practical points in a speech or extract practical understanding from an academic conversation, just like you would do in a class or lecture. Therefore, as well as synthesizing ability, you should be prepared to demonstrate well-developed listening and nuancing skills and form reasoned conclusions.

The integrated speaking task will test your ability to orally summarize a passage, state your opinion or suggest a solution to a problem presented in the passage or reading, if there is one.

Diction, Grammar and Accuracy

This is where you can access the highest marks in your TOEFL Speaking Test. Raters will be checking for your overall speaking quality, and this is where even the most fluent will be severely tested. You should sprinkle your speaking responses with a healthy dose of appropriate and accurate idioms to show your high proficiency. Beware -- a poorly constructed or used idiom will have the opposite effect of letting you down.

Master appropriate and correct use of English grammar. Organize your speech. In the TOEFL Speaking Test you are given a short time to think about how you want to approach your speech. Write down the main points you want to follow and support these main points with details. You will have 15 seconds to make this layout.

At the Exam

Do not panic. You have done a lot to get to this stage, already. Relax and know that you will give it your best. Try to manage your time throughout the exam so that you have enough time to finish your speaking tasks. Remember: you can make mistakes and still obtain a perfect score. The test is designed that way. Also, try to block out the noise that other test makers who may have already started before you will be making as they will be doing their own speaking test. And finally, do not worry about your accent, but try to speak as clearly as you can. Good luck!

Tags: Speaking Test, TOEFL Speaking, TOEFL Speaking Test, your ability, speaking tasks

Diploma Course In Corporate Law

Corporate law is a popular field.

Diploma courses in corporate law are available at many law schools throughout the U.S. Whether taken in person or on the Internet, a diploma in corporate law can help advance your legal career.

Function

Corporate law programs at law schools primarily emphasize classes aimed at employees of large corporations. At one prominent law school, the New York University law school, students are required to take courses that include accounting, corporate finance, mergers and acquisitions and securities regulation.

Types

Although corporate law covers many aspects of the U.S. legal system, students interested in working as in-house counsel for small corporations should consider more open-ended programs such as business law or even MBA programs. Several joint LLM-MBA programs give the simultaneous experience of law school and business school.

Considerations

In recent years, online LLM programs have proliferated. Some of the biggest names in the industry offer online legal courses that promise an equal experience to that of traditional law schools. While they may be more convenient and affordable, many corporations and law firms remain wary of online legal courses.

Tags: courses that, legal courses, online legal, online legal courses

Gi Bill Benefits For Spouses

Most members of the armed forces may transfer GI Bill benefits to spouses.

The Department of Defense has initiated a groundbreaking policy in the use and eligibility requirements for the Post 9/11 GI Bill. Effective August 1, 2009, all armed service members that served at least ninety days on or after September 11, 2001, may transfer their GI Bill benefits to their spouse and children. In addition, service members that separated due to service-connected disability thirty days or less before September 11, 2001 may transfer their benefits as well.

Spouse Eligibility

The spouse of a member of the armed services is eligible for the GI Bill benefits if the service member served on or before September 11, 2001. In events where couples divorce after the benefits are transferred, the divorced spouse is still eligible for benefits. However, the service member retains the right to revoke receipt of benefits at any time.

Transfer Details

The eligible service member can transfer up to 36 months of Post/9-11 GI Bill benefits to their spouse. The benefits for education, training, certification and housing can be used at any time. However, if the service member is on active duty, the eligible spouse cannot receive the monthly stipend or the stipend for books and supplies.

This transfer of eligibility is good even after the service member completes active duty service. The eligible spouse can use the benefits up to fifteen years after the service member's date of separation from active duty.

Application Process

The service member must first determine the eligibility of his spouse by completing the Department of Defense Transferability application. Upon approval of the Transferability application, the spouse of the service member can apply for benefits with the Veterans Administration by completing the Veterans Administration form 22-1990e. For more information, call 888-442-4551.

Tags: service member, active duty, Bill benefits, September 2001, 2001 transfer, 2001 transfer their, after service

Schools With Degrees In Fashion Merchandising

Fashion Merchandising is where fashion meets business.

The study of Fashion Merchandising has rapidly become popular. It prepares students for entry-level employment in positions such as fashion coordinator and stylist. The major involves everything from store buying, planning and management. Fashion Merchandising combines an individual's sense of style with business insight, and although it can be studied in many campuses throughout the world, the school's location plays a big influence in a student's overall learning experience.

Fashion Institute of Design & Merchandising

The Fashion Institute of Design & Merchandising or (FIDM) is a private college specializing in graphics, interior design, entertainment and fashion. There are four campus locations: Los Angeles, Orange County, San Francisco and San Diego. The Institute offers 20 different majors and houses an average of 7,500 students with nearly 40,000 alumni's. The Merchandise Marketing Program offers students an Associates of Arts degree with a 90 credit curriculum combining basic courses in English and math to technical classes specifically focused the business of fashion. Classes train students in the planning, purchasing, allocation, and promotion of merchandise, preparing students for a wide range of careers in the fashion industry.

Fashion Institute of Design & Merchandising (Main Address)

919 South Grand Avenue

Los Angeles, CA 90015

213-624-1200

fidm.edu

Fashion Institute Technology

The Fashion Institute of Technology or (FIT) is located in New York City and is in the state university program. It offers seventeen different majors through the School of Art and Design, including Fashion Merchandising Management. The Fashion Merchandising Management program is the largest and oldest degree program at FIT and in the country. Located in the fashion capital of the United States, the city's surroundings provide the perfect setting for learning everything from retail to runway. Courses within the curriculum include fashion marketing, product development, planning, and fashion management. Additionally, classes involve frequent visits to showrooms, shops, ateliers, and buying offices throughout the city.

Fashion Institute Technology

7th Ave. & W 27th St.

New York, NY 10001

212-217-7999

fitnyc.edu

Miami International University of Art & Design

Students looking for a fashion merchandising degree in Florida should consider enrolling in the newest addition to the Art Institute campuses, Miami International University of Art & Design. The school offers both Associate of Arts and Bachelor of Arts degrees in Fashion Merchandising. The school is located in an old shopping mall space in downtown Miami and features modern design and technology. It's location in a city with top model agencies and leading fashion shows allows the students to take part in internships and events that add value to their studies.

Miami International University of Art & Design

1501 Biscayne Blvd.

Miami, FL 33132-1459

305-428-5700

artinstitutes.edu

Tags: Fashion Institute, Fashion Merchandising, Design Merchandising, Fashion Institute Design, Fashion Institute Technology, Institute Design, Institute Design Merchandising