The process under which water is converted to hydrogen is called "electrolysis." Electrolysis means using electricity to break something apart. In this case, hydrogen is separated from oxygen by running electrical current through water. The whole process is called hydrogen electrolysis. There are various methods that you can use to convert water to hydrogen.
Hofmann Voltameter
The Hofmann voltameter, an apparatus invented by August Wilhelm von Hofmann, is used for electrolizing water. It is composed of two glass tubes of equal volume that contain pure water; each tube is fitted with a platinum plate. One platinum plate is connected to a positive terminal of power supply and is called "anode," while the other is connected to negative terminal of power supply and is called "cathode." After running a current on the apparatus, gaseous oxygen forms at the anode while gaseous hydrogen forms at the cathode.
Industrial Electrolysis
Industrial electrolysis is similar to the Hofman voltameter, except that it has complex platinum plates or honeycombs as electrodes. Hydrogen made this way has a 99.8-percent purity. The hydrogen obtained is collected in a hydrogen gas holder and is kept for further use. This method is used by different industrial plants.
High Pressure Electrolysis
With the use of pressurized electrolyzer, high pressure hydrogen is produced. Through this process, hydrogen is produced from water electrolysis which can operate at atmospheric pressure or high pressure. This method is common in modern industries, including vehicle manufacturing plants. It has an advantage of flexibility, affordability and safety. This technology is also advantageous because it does not cause pollution.
High Temperature Electrolysis
With high temperature electrolysis, it is possible to produce large quantities of hydrogen at a low cost. High temperature electrolysis, however, has two other processes with respect to Steam Methane Reforming (SMR) and with respect to Alkaline Water Electrolysis (AWE). The disadvantage with SMR is that hydrogen production cost is directly proportional to gas price, which is usually unpredictable.
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