Analyzing a molecule is diffuclt and complicated.
In the ultra high-tech world of molecular chemistry, molecular analysis is a common activity. Complex machines, called mass spectrometers, are used to pick apart a substance to determine its composition; however, flaws in the data are introduced by this very process. These flaws produce an inaccurate reading. To overcome this, the Zeeman correction process is used. Unfortunately, the Zeeman correction is not 100 percent accurate; a scientific company, called Perkins-Elmer, refined the correction process by combining another method with the Zeeman correction.
Understanding Zeeman Correction
In order for a substance to be analyzed, it first has to be vaporized. After vaporization, a complex series of procedures takes place utilizing radiation. The end result is the particles settling out in fine lines on a background; sometimes the particles do not settle out correctly. The Zeeman correction introduces a very powerful magnetic field into the vapor. The end effect is that the molecules become magnetized and settle out according to their magnetic field strength.
Deficincies of Zeeman Correction
Chemical analysis is not just for distant researchers working in remote labs; many times individual and public health is at stake. For example, arsenic levels in edible fish must be ascertained. Unfortunately, researchers found out that a 100 percent accurate reading of arsenic cannot be obtained by using the Zeeman correction alone.
Perkins-Elmer Method
Because the Zeeman correction does not guarantee 100 percent accuracy, additional methods of correction are needed. The Perkins-Elmer Corporation uses a method of combining Zeeman correction with optical correction in their instruments. The company has patented a device called the Transversely Heated Graphite Atomizer to achieve optical correction. By combining the Zeeman correction with optical correction, the company states that more accurate readings are possible. It has used the new device to accurately determine arsenic levels in drinking water.
Significance of Combined Methods
No one method of correction is 100 percent accurate. Zeeman correction is effective -- to a point. Optical correction is also effective, but it is not an end-all process. By combining the methods, the deficiencies of each are negated. For many materials, it is imperative that an accurate reading be obtained by combining these correction methods.
Tags: Zeeman correction, optical correction, percent accurate, accurate reading, arsenic levels, combining Zeeman